bahriatown.org

Tag: House Construction

  • Brickwork & Door Frame Construction Guide for Residential H

    What are the essential steps to durable brick masonry and door frame installation in residential construction? Constructing a residential property on a budget does not mean homeowners have to compromise on structural durability or execution standards. By monitoring the quality of materials, enforcing accurate building techniques, and avoiding common construction shortcuts, it is entirely possible to complete solid masonry while keeping costs controlled. During the initial elevation stages of a residential project, brickwork, damp-proofing, and steel frame placements form the core backbone of the ground structure. Paying close attention to every detail during this phase protects the building from structural faults, moisture penetration, and future maintenance issues.

    Effective damp protection begins right above the foundation levels. To permanently prevent groundwater and rising capillary dampness from climbing into wall assemblies, applying a double Damp Proof Course (DPC) across the entire building layout is crucial. A standard three-inch concrete DPC layer should be laid and paired with an impermeable membrane sheet. In addition to the membrane barrier, applying waterproofing chemical compounds over the DPC creates a reliable multi-tier shield against moisture. When moisture barriers are installed correctly along all exterior and interior brick courses, the living spaces above remain insulated against efflorescence, peeling paint, and dampness over the long term.

    Selecting high-grade bricks is equally critical for structural stability. First-class (Awal) clay bricks should consistently meet specific physical and performance benchmarks. High-quality bricks feature precise rectangular dimensions, sharp corners, and smooth, even surfaces without deep fractures or warping. A reliable practical test on-site involves striking two bricks against each other; first-class bricks produce a sharp, metallic ringing sound, whereas underburnt or inferior bricks sound dull and break easily. Investing in reputable first-class bricks, commonly priced around twenty-seven to twenty-eight rupees per unit, guarantees superior compressive strength and prevents excessive water absorption across load-bearing and partition walls.

    Preparing mortar correctly directly governs the strength of the finished masonry. On an active construction site, mortar should always be prepared in small, controlled batches rather than mixed in excessive quantities. Even when multiple masons are working simultaneously, no more than two bags of cement should be blended at one time. This rule prevents the mixture from sitting too long, drying out, or losing binding potency before application. The mortar joint thickness between brick courses should be strictly maintained within three sooters (approximately three-eighths of an inch). Exceeding this thickness reduces overall wall strength and wastes cement. For general superstructure masonry, a standard cement-to-sand ratio of 1:5 is recommended, whereas single-brick partition walls measuring four and a half inches require a richer 1:4 mix to ensure adequate lateral stability. Additionally, raking out the joint mortar slightly while it is still fresh prepares the brickwork for excellent plaster adhesion later.

    Properly integrating steel door frames (chokhats) into rising brick walls requires careful coordination. Once the masonry reaches approximately three and a half to four feet in height, door frames must be positioned and incorporated directly into the brickwork. It is essential to verify the sheet metal gauge specified for the frames. Quality door frames are fabricated from sturdy 14-gauge or 16-gauge steel sheets; home builders must verify this carefully, as lower-grade 18-gauge sheets are sometimes supplied mistakenly. To prevent premature rust and corrosion caused by trapped moisture, the internal cavity of the steel frame should receive a generous coat of bitumen paint before installation. As masonry progresses around the frame, a half-inch clearance should be observed along the profile, and the interior hollows of the frame must be completely packed with poured concrete. Filling these voids creates a solid, rigid frame that will not vibrate or loosen over time.

    Securing the base and holdfasts of door frames is another critical detail often neglected on site. Steel dowels, tie bars, and bottom anchors keep the frame square and aligned diagonally. Because laborers wheel equipment, push barrows, and move materials continuously through door openings, these anchor points are prone to shifting. Placing temporary brick counterweights over the bottom anchors protects the frame from accidental impacts and prevents alignment distortion. Furthermore, door rebates (badam) must match architectural needs. While standard market frames commonly offer a one-and-a-half-inch rebate, selecting a two-inch rebate accommodates a heavier solid door shutter cleanly. For areas like kitchens or exterior entries where double doors are required, utilizing a double rebate allows for the simultaneous installation of a steel wire fly-mesh screen door alongside the primary interior door.

    Accuracy during bricklaying requires continuous measurement checks. Using a plumb bob (sahool) and string line level (kanda) is essential at every corner, pier, and window reveal. The plumb line must be dropped along both faces of window openings with every successive course laid. If masonry is allowed to drift out of plumb, window openings become skewed. This defect creates uneven structural gaps that later require excessive plaster thickness on one side while leaving the opposing side thin, resulting in aesthetic flaws and wasted plastering material. Masons must ensure that perpendicular wall junctions, garage piers, and feature tapers align perfectly with the architectural plans.

    For instance, expanding a standard three-foot kitchen passage into a wider five-foot opening provides improved accessibility and modern spatial flow without disturbing structural loads, provided lintel plans reflect the change. Alongside layout precision, regular water curing (tarai) cannot be overlooked. Dedicated site personnel must saturate newly laid brickwork thoroughly at least three times a day, in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Comprehensive curing enables full chemical hydration of the cement, locking in the ultimate strength of the mortar and ensuring that the entire structure remains durable, weather-resistant, and low-maintenance for decades.

    Contact information
    Name: Choudry Mujahid Yasin ( CMY )
    Phone: +923224929992 Whatsapp Available

  • Avoid These Common Pitfalls in House Construction

    What are the most common pitfalls to avoid when building your house? Building a residential home is one of the most significant and demanding milestones an individual can undertake, and without proper oversight, structured agreements, and clear planning, homeowners frequently encounter technical complexities, logistical challenges, and avoidable mistakes that lead to financial loss, compromised quality, and prolonged construction.

    Many prospective homeowners wonder whether they should manage construction themselves or hire experienced professionals. Overseeing a site requires extensive operational knowledge that begins long before walls rise, from sourcing raw materials to coordinating multiple specialized workforces. Individuals who attempt construction without prior experience often face a steep learning curve, resulting in trial‑and‑error practices that produce costly errors. Those who decide to undertake construction independently usually realize that managing diverse technical teams, material procurements, and inspections demands far more expertise and time than anticipated, leading them to regret not hiring an established firm from day one.

    One frequent debate during planning centers on per‑square‑foot construction rates. Prospective homeowners often shop solely for the lowest quote, gravitating toward individuals or contractors offering notably cheap prices. However, evaluating a proposal purely on the lowest price per square foot can be misleading, as unqualified or opportunistic contractors may advertise attractively low rates to secure the deal. Once a substantial advance is paid, such contractors may slow progress, introduce hidden costs, or disappear entirely. Exceptionally low rates typically indicate that certain materials, services, or structural requirements have been excluded from the quote; for example, a discount of fifty rupees per square foot may appear attractive, but purchasing and installing exterior safety grills separately can increase the final cost by a hundred rupees per square foot or more, so homeowners should assess the contractor’s track record, transparent scope breakdown, and technical credibility rather than relying on an artificially low price tag.

    A well‑structured residential project generally follows an organized schedule. Under standard conditions, the grey structure phase can be completed within a defined tenure of four months when managed with clear milestones. Professional projects achieve an on‑time completion rate above ninety‑five percent when work proceeds systematically. Minor delays may occur due to severe weather patterns, political instability, or other external disruptions, and client‑driven modifications such as late interior layout revisions can also cause pauses. Maintaining timely communication and finalizing architectural drawings early helps prevent unnecessary interruptions.

    The construction process starts well below ground, and errors in early phases can jeopardize the building’s longevity. Several tasks must occur in tight sequence: accurate excavation and site layout define the structural footprint; simultaneous boring and electrical rough‑ins provide essential water and power routing; dedicated chemical anti‑termite treatment must be applied to foundation trenches and surrounding soil before structural filling; skilled masonry teams build the foundation, incorporating horizontal and vertical damp‑proof courses to halt moisture seepage; and proper soil or sand filling, with adequate compaction, is required across all foundation trenches to prevent settlement and cracking of ground floors.

    Financial mismanagement is a leading cause of strained client‑contractor relationships. Homeowners should avoid handing over the entire contract amount or large unearned sums upfront, as this leaves them vulnerable to abandoned sites and misused capital. Legitimate builders cannot finance construction entirely on credit, since major milestones such as casting a reinforced concrete roof slab or a lenter require substantial upfront capital for steel rebar, shuttering plates, concrete mixing machinery, cement, sand, and crushed stone aggregate. A balanced, stage‑based payment schedule that ties cash releases to verified material mobilization and the completion of preceding phases is essential.

    A detailed, written contract is vital to prevent costly scope disputes. The grey structure encompasses all structural elements built with cement, sand, crushed stone, and steel reinforcement, including foundation, columns, beams, brickwork, reinforced concrete slabs, underground water storage tanks, septic tanks, exterior concrete sunshades, boundary structures, main metal entrance gates, and structural steel window safety grills. Decorative finishes and lightweight fixtures belong strictly to the finishing scope, which includes aluminum window framing, architectural glass, safety railings, paint, tiles, and decorative facade elements like louvers. Clear distinction between grey structural items and finishing work in the contract ensures budget clarity from day one, and homeowners should be aware that some contractors may omit safety grills from their grey structure quote to make the per‑square‑foot rate appear lower, turning a perceived discount into an added expense.

    In summary, building a house demands technical rigor, financial discipline, and thorough contract administration. By partnering with established building professionals, insisting on comprehensive contracts that detail every fixture and structural component, and following a balanced milestone‑based payment schedule, homeowners can protect their investment and ensure their home is constructed to the highest standards of safety, quality, and durability. For additional information, refer to https://bahriatown.org.

    Contact information
    Name: Choudry Mujahid Yasin ( CMY )
    Phone: +923224929992 Whatsapp Available

  • 1 Kanal House Construction in DHA Lahore: Costs & Steps

    What does it really take to turn a vacant 1 Kanal plot in DHA Lahore into a finished family home? Buying the plot is only the starting point; the build itself demands clear decisions on architectural design, statutory approvals, engineering, material procurement, and interior finishing, with costs and standards that keep evolving, so realistic financial planning matters from the outset. ### Step 1: Design and Architectural Planning The journey begins at the drawing board, not on the ground. Before an architect drafts the first layout, the owner must define household needs: the number of bedrooms, whether to build a basement, the scale of formal drawing spaces, and the share of outdoor lawn. Preferences vary widely. Some families want expansive entertainment areas and double-height lobbies, while others opt for compact drawing rooms or move lounges into the basement to maximize above-ground living space. Settling these points early is critical because layout changes become far costlier once structural work starts. Design fees for a 1 Kanal house swing widely with the firm’s profile, experience, and scope, typically ranging from Rs 2 lakh to Rs 20 lakh. This phase delivers the complete architectural drawings, structural calculations, plumbing diagrams, electrical layouts, and 3D elevations needed for execution. ### Step 2: Soil Testing, DHA Approvals, and Demarcation Once drawings are finalized, statutory requirements come before any excavation. In DHA Lahore, mandatory soil testing assesses subsoil bearing capacity and compaction, and the results guide the structural engineer on foundation depth and reinforcement. The full blueprint dossier, architectural and structural plans plus the soil report, goes to DHA for building plan approval, which takes approximately one month under standard processing. After map approval, the owner or contractor requests on-site demarcation from DHA authorities. Field surveyors verify plot dimensions, establish building lines, and mark boundaries per the society master plan, usually within 7 to 15 days. Regulations also enforce mandatory clear open spaces, setbacks at the front, rear, and sides, which are non-negotiable legal requirements ensuring cross-ventilation, natural illumination, and emergency access. ### Step 3: Executing the Grey Structure A standard 1 Kanal house without a basement offers roughly 4,700 to 4,850 square feet of covered area, extending to about 5,000 square feet once stair mumty and auxiliary spaces are included. Integrating a full basement expands coverage to roughly 6,500 square feet, with separate calculations for excavation, retaining walls, and waterproofing. The grey structure forms the skeleton: foundation work, columns and beams, brick masonry walls, roof slabs, underground and overhead water reservoirs, compound boundary walls, driveways, and peripheral paved passages. Current benchmarks place this stage at approximately Rs 2.25 crore to Rs 2.5 crore, inclusive of basic site preparation and regulatory documentation fees. ### Step 4: Material Quantification for the Grey Structure Accurate material estimates help owners monitor deliveries and control finances. For a 1 Kanal house of roughly 4,850 to 5,000 square feet, typical consumption is: * Bricks: approximately 125,000 first-class clay bricks; at around Rs 30,000 per thousand, masonry is a substantial initial cash outlay. * Cement: roughly 3,500 bags across foundations, column casting, floor slabs, bricklaying mortar, and internal/external plaster. * Crushed stone (bajri): aggregate for footings, columns, lintels, and slabs costs between Rs 15 lakh and Rs 20 lakh. * Steel reinforcement (saria): usage tracks structural spans and column placement. Upper-story load-bearing walls aligned cleanly above ground-floor walls keep reinforcement near 10 tons, while open floor plans, wide cantilevered balconies, and floating beams push it to 12 to 13 tons or more. Embedded services join this stage: electrical conduit pipes and plumbing lines are concealed within walls and slabs before plastering. Copper wiring, distribution boxes, circuit breakers, and decorative fixtures follow during finishing. ### Step 5: Finishing Costs and Realistic Budgeting After the grey structure is plastered and cured, the property moves to interior and exterior finishing. Unlike grey structure costs, which follow standardized commodity prices, finishing has practically unlimited upper limits depending on owner selections. For a home meeting standard DHA Lahore living expectations, a balanced, high-quality finishing budget roughly equals the grey structure itself, about Rs 2.5 crore. Combined with a Rs 2.5 crore grey structure, the minimum realistic base construction budget for a livable, upscale 1 Kanal house totals approximately Rs 5 crore, covering direct labor and materials, while professional contractor or builder management margins are billed separately. ### Step 6: Pragmatic Choices vs. Showpiece Luxury Fixtures and fittings show dramatic price divergence, making deliberate selection essential. Floor and wall tiles illustrate this clearly: quality domestic ceramic and porcelain tiles cost around Rs 3,500 per square meter, while high-end imported alternatives range from Rs 35,000 to over Rs 50,000 per square meter. Imported kitchen cabinetry setups can easily exceed Rs 1 crore to Rs 1.5 crore, yet ultra-modern imported finishes often prove delicate under the intensive heat, oils, and prolonged cooking typical of South Asian cuisine, so many households rely almost entirely on separate service or “dirty” kitchens for daily preparation. Luxury additions such as massive crystal chandeliers, automated imported sanitary fixtures, and specialized stone cladding inflate budgets substantially without necessarily improving daily convenience or yielding proportional long-term returns. The most enduring homes prioritize functional space design, robust structural integrity, proper ventilation, and high-quality, durable materials that support comfortable family living across decades.

    کیا آپ رئیل اسٹیٹ مارکیٹ کے تازہ ترین رجحانات سے باخبر رہنا چاہتے ہیں؟
    محفوظ اور منافع بخش سرمایہ کاری کے فیصلوں کے لیے ہمارا آفیشل واٹس ایپ چینل آج ہی فالو کریں! ہم آپ تک پہنچاتے ہیں مارکیٹ کی درست ترین معلومات اور بروقت تجزیات۔ 📈✨

    👇 ابھی ہمارے چینل کا حصہ بنیں:
    https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va8D7O511ulLB3FgCK0u

    Choudry Mujahid Yasin (CMY ) Owner of LahoreRealEstate.Com
    https://wa.me/923224929992 Direct message to me now

  • Stages & Materials: 5 Marla House Construction:

    On a representative five-marla site, the milestone of completing the ground-floor walls and pouring the first-floor roof slab can be reached within approximately twenty-five days.

    Concrete pouring requires a coordinated team operating mixers and mechanical hoists to ensure uniform aggregate distribution and consistent curing strength across the lintel and slab framework.

    After the ground-floor roof slab is poured, the structure requires an initial resting period of approximately two days.

    Once the concrete has achieved sufficient initial set, structural masonry for the first floor begins above it.

    Rigorous Material SpecificationsThe structural integrity of a grey structure depends entirely on the grade and source of raw materials incorporated into the build.

    To prevent future structural defects, materials must strictly follow contractual standards: Cement: Premium-brand formulations, such as Bestway cement, are utilized consistently across structural joints, mortar, and concrete casting.

    Reinforcement Steel: High-tensile Grade 60 rebar is standard practice for residential reinforcement.

    Trusted brands including Mughal, Moiz, and Koh-e-Noor ensure optimal tensile capacity for seismic and structural loads.

    Aggregate (Crush): Clean, machine-crushed aggregate sourced from A-grade Sargodha plants provides maximum interlocking strength within concrete mixes.

    Bricks: Only first-class (Awwal) clay bricks are used consistently from the foundation footings all the way up to the rooftop mumty.

    Second-class or defective bricks are strictly excluded from load-bearing and partition walls.

    Sand: High-grade Ravi sand is utilized to deliver appropriate fineness and bonding capacity for masonry mortars and interior preparation.

    Overseas Client Coordination and Quality OversightA frequent challenge for property owners—especially overseas clients who cannot visit job sites in person—is maintaining transparency and quality assurance throughout the construction lifecycle.

    To overcome this, formal communication channels are established immediately upon signing the building contract.

    A dedicated digital group connects the property owner directly with site supervisors and project managers.

    Daily progress logs, photographic evidence of delivered materials, and structural milestone reports are shared continuously.

    This operational model ensures that owners verify compliance with agreed specifications without requiring physical presence on site.

    Plumbing Rough-Ins and Plaster PreparationParallel workflows help maintain construction momentum.

    Approximately ten days after pouring a slab, the lower-level formwork and shuttering can be safely dismantled.

    Once the ground floor is cleared, workers immediately initiate preparations for interior wall plastering.

    Simultaneously, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing rough-ins commence.

    Concealed water supply lines using polypropylene random copolymer (PPRC) pipes and wastewater drainage networks using unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) pipes are chased and embedded into the masonry walls before plaster application.

    By plastering the ground floor while upper-level brickwork and the second-floor roof slab are being raised, site operations proceed simultaneously on both levels.

    Target Timelines and Flexible Acquisition OptionsWhile standard construction agreements typically allot three months for the complete delivery of a five-marla grey structure, efficient site management can close the structure in approximately seventy-five days.

    This phased coordination reduces site idle time while preserving structural curing requirements.

    Beyond self-managed custom home builds on owned plots, residential opportunities also include turnkey developments and townhouse configurations.

    In select master-planned sectors, five-marla double-story homes are made accessible through installment schedules spanning one, two, or three years, providing structured pathways for prospective homeowners and real estate investors alike.

    Constructing a residential property requires meticulous planning, compliance with established standard operating procedures, and strict quality control at every phase of execution.

    For a double-story house built on a five-marla plot, the journey from empty ground to a fully realized grey structure involves systematic civil engineering steps, careful material selection, and rigorous on-site supervision.

    Initial Site Preparation and Foundational WorkBefore any excavation takes place on a residential site, official demarcation must be completed in line with the regulatory authority’s designated protocols.

    Obtaining exact boundary marks ensures that structural dimensions comply strictly with approved town planning regulations.

    Once the official boundary demarcation is secured, earthwork and excavation commence.

    The excavated trenches undergo an intensive anti-termite chemical spray to safeguard the foundation against subterranean pest damage.

    Following termite prevention, Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) is laid across the trenches to form a flat, stable bedding surface.

    Upon this cured concrete bed, masonry foundation footings are raised, laying a reliable base for the entire structure.

    Project Progression and the First Slab PourIn standard residential timelines, rapid yet controlled progress is essential.

    Contact information
    Name: Choudry Mujahid Yasin ( CMY )
    Phone: +923224929992 Whatsapp Available

  • Specs, and Costs: plinth Beam Construction: Purpose,

    Pouring a continuous reinforced plinth beam across the entire foundation provides a rigid tie that binds all foundation walls together.

    This structural tie significantly reinforces the base of the home, prevents differential settlement, and protects the super-structure against structural cracks.

    ### Plinth Beam vs.

    Damp Proof Course (DPC) A common technical question during the foundation phase involves the relationship between a plinth beam and a standard damp proof course (DPC).

    Under ordinary construction conditions where plots are level with the road, a simple concrete DPC strip is cast over brick foundations to block moisture rising from the subsoil.

    However, when a plinth beam is integrated into the design, it is cast at plinth height directly over all boundary and internal foundation walls.

    Because the plinth beam is an extensive, dense, one-foot-thick layer of reinforced concrete running continuously across every wall line, a separate traditional DPC is not required.

    The beam itself fulfills the role of leveling the building line while offering superior structural binding that a conventional DPC cannot provide.

    ### Reinforcement and Structural Specifications Proper structural detailing ensures the plinth beam achieves its intended load-bearing performance.

    For typical residential construction, the reinforcement cage is assembled according to precise specifications: – **Longitudinal Steel Bars:** The main reinforcement framework commonly utilizes four longitudinal steel bars of 4-soota thickness (equivalent to 1/2-inch or 12 mm diameter).

    – **Stirrups (Rings):** The longitudinal bars are bound together using lateral ties or rings made of 3-soota steel (3/8-inch or 10 mm diameter) placed at designated intervals to prevent bar displacement during concrete placement.

    – **Beam Dimensions:** The depth of the concrete pour typically measures one foot in vertical thickness, matching the underlying foundation masonry width.

    Before concrete is cast, steel fixers assemble the rebar cages directly within the foundation layout.

    Steel formwork (shuttering) is then installed and securely braced along both interior and perimeter walls to ensure dimensional accuracy and prevent slurry leakage.

    ### Concrete Mixing and Pouring Operations The durability of a plinth beam depends heavily on concrete quality and placement practices.

    On site, concrete is prepared using a mechanical mixer to maintain consistent homogeneity throughout the entire pour.

    The mix ratio used for the plinth beam matches the standard specification applied to structural roof slabs, which is a 1:2:4 ratio—one part cement, two parts sand, and four parts crushed stone aggregate.

    To manage a large-scale pour effectively, a coordinated workforce of approximately 20 to 25 laborers is deployed.

    As the mixer prepares the concrete at the front of the site, batches are transferred into metal pans (taslas) and transported manually to every corner of the plot.

    This controlled manual pouring ensures that the mix is distributed evenly into the shuttered trenches without dropping from excessive heights, minimizing segregation and material waste.

    The gradual, careful placement also allows workers to achieve a smooth, well-consolidated finish along the beam's upper edge.

    ### Post-Pour Procedures and Backfilling Once the concrete pouring is complete, the plinth beam is left to set.

    The steel shuttering plates are struck the following day to reveal the cured concrete faces.

    De-shuttering provides an immediate visual check of the beam's surface quality, alignment, and compaction.

    Following the removal of formwork, the site progresses to the backfilling stage.

    Earth or granular fill material, commonly known as ghasu, is deposited inside the foundation bays up to a depth of approximately one foot.

    This backfill material is compacted thoroughly to create a stable, consolidated sub-base for the ground floor slab.

    Once the filling process is finalized, masons begin laying the super-structure brickwork directly on top of the cured plinth beam.

    ### Budgeting and Cost Considerations A critical aspect for property owners to recognize is that plinth beam construction is typically an auxiliary requirement and is not included within baseline construction quotations.

    Because it represents a substantial structural upgrade tailored to specific site topography, it carries separate financial estimates.

    The cost of installing a plinth beam includes multiple distinct budget items, such as reinforcing steel, lumber or steel shuttering hire, skilled steel-fixing and pouring labor, crushed aggregate, sand, and cement.

    Depending on market material rates and the exact dimensions of the layout, approximate costs for incorporating a plinth beam scale according to plot size: – **5 Marla Plot:** Approximately 500,000 to 600,000 PKR.

    – **10 Marla Plot:** Approximately 700,000 to 800,000 PKR.

    – **1 Kanal Plot:** Approximately 1,000,000 to 1,300,000 PKR.

    While this represents a noticeable addition to the initial construction budget, investing in a continuous reinforced beam is essential on low-lying ground.

    The long-term protection it provides to the structural integrity of the home far outweighs the initial expense, ensuring a sturdy foundation that endures for decades.

    Building a solid residential foundation requires careful planning and structural adaptability to site conditions.

    In standard home construction, the transition from foundation masonry to above-ground brickwork is one of the most critical structural milestones.

    One essential structural element frequently employed at this stage is the reinforced concrete plinth beam.

    Understanding the purpose of a plinth beam, its structural specifications, and its budget impact enables homeowners and builders to make sound structural decisions.

    ### When and Why a Plinth Beam Is Necessary A plinth beam is not universally required on every construction site, but specific plot conditions make it an indispensable structural addition.

    The primary factor dictating the need for a plinth beam is the elevation difference between the natural ground level of the plot and the finished road level.

    On sites where adjacent plots or existing terrain sit significantly below the road—such as five to six feet deep—foundations must be built considerably higher to reach the road level.

    When foundation walls are constructed deep into the earth and backfilled, the underlying soil may be soft or prone to settlement.

    Under such conditions, standard masonry footings can experience lateral soil pressure or uneven ground movement.

    Contact information
    Name: Choudry Mujahid Yasin ( CMY )
    Phone: +923224929992 Whatsapp Available